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El Niño and La Niña are opposite phases of a natural climate pattern known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which occurs in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Here's a brief overview of each:
El Niño: El Niño is characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, particularly off the coast of South America. This warming of the ocean disrupts normal weather patterns, leading to various impacts worldwide. Some common effects of El Niño include increased rainfall and flooding in certain regions (such as South America and parts of the southern United States), drought in others (such as Australia and Indonesia), and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns across the globe.
La Niña: La Niña is the opposite phase of El Niño and is characterized by cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Like El Niño, La Niña can also have significant impacts on global weather patterns. These impacts often contrast with those of El Niño, leading to increased rainfall in some areas (such as Australia and Southeast Asia), drought in others (such as the southwestern United States and parts of South America), and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns worldwide.
El Niño and La Niña events typically occur irregularly every few years and can last for several months to a couple of years. They are important factors influencing weather and climate variability on a global scale and can have significant implications for agriculture, water resources, ecosystems, and economies around the world.
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